Best of heart failure

24 clear reasons, and they are stem. Recently, the advent inhibitor (ARNI) sacubi- rmacologic approach that al endopeptidase enzyme concomitantly blocks the ith valsartan). of ARNI with ACEI to rtality and Morbidity in tudy [ 31 ], a double-blind, patients with Class II–IV tion of 40% or less were itril/valsartan (at a dose of ectively) or enalapril (at a rimary outcome of death rt failure rehospitalization ARNI arm (21.8%) com- 01). Cardiovascular death % CI, 0.71; 0.89)) and risk n by 21% (HR 0.79 (95% lity was reduced by 16% HR 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76; y stopped because of the en compared to ACEI. ere reported in more than study, and these included gh, dizziness, and renal dema was also higher in pared to enalapril (0.5% in the black population). be encountered more fre- double-blind period of by a single-blind run-in ed if they could not toler- I. en tested in CHF patients . These include endothelin agents, and growth hor- terventions that modulate he neprilysin enzyme (in only proven treatment to patients with congestive t in treating patients with bradine, an HCN channel n normal sinus rhythm and or on maximum tolerable was tested in The Systolic inhibitor ivabradine Trial 505 patients with chronic bradine versus placebo on t. Patients had to be in rt rate of more or equal ss or equal 35%, and have N. W. Shammas 464 Multic ter Carvedilol Heart Failure Dose Assessment (MUCHA) trial. Am Heart J. 2004;147:324–30. 116. Bristow MR, Gilbert EM, AbrahamWT, et al. Carvedilol produces dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and sur- vival in subjects with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators. Circulation. 1996;94:2807–16. 117. Majumdar SR, McAlister FA, Cree M. Do evidence-based treat- ments provide incremental benefits to patients with congestive heart failure already receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? A secondary analysis of one-year outcomes from the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) study. Clin Ther. 2004;26:694–703. 118. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure: an update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart f ilure. A report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Failure Society of America. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016:[Epub ahead of print]. 119. Wade OL. Digoxin 1785–1985. I. Two hundred years of digitalis. J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1986;11:3–9. 120. Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortal- ity and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:525–33. 121. Ahmed A, Rich MW, Love TE, et al. Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:178–86. 122. Lader E, Egan D, Hunsberger S, Garg R, Czajkowski S, McSherry F. The effect of digoxin on the quality of life in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2003;9:4–12. 123. Shlipak MG, Smith GL, Rathore SS, Massie BM, Krumholz HM. Renal function, digoxin therapy, and heart failure outcomes: evidence from the digoxin intervention group trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2195–203. 124. Shammas NW, Harris ML, McKinney D, Hauber WJ. Digoxin withdrawal in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy follow- ing normalization of ejection fraction with beta blockers. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24:786–7. 125. Uretsky BF,Young JB, Shahidi FE,Yellen LG, Harrison MC, Jolly MK. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. PROVED Investigative Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:955–62. 126. DiBianco R, Shabetai R, Kostuk W, Moran J, Schlant RC, Wright R. A comparison of oral milrinone, digoxin, and their combination in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:677–83. 127. Packer M, Gheorghiade M,Young JB, et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibitors. RADIANCE Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1–7. 128. Leon AR, Abraham WT, Curtis AB, et al. MIRACLE Study Program. Safety of transvenous cardiac resynchronization sys- tem implantation in patients with chronic heart failure: combined results of over 2,000 patients from a multicenter study program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:2348–56. 129. Leon AR, Abraham WT, Brozena S, et al. InSync III Clinical Study Investigators. Cardiac resynchronization with sequential biventricular pacing for the treatment of moderate-to-severe heart failure. 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J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:155–62. 146. VMAC Investigators (Vasodilatation in the Management of Acute CHF). Intravenous nesiritide vs nitroglycerin for treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287:1531–40. 147. Peacock WF, Emerman CL, Silver MA. Nesiritide added to stan- dard care favorably reduces systolic blood pressure compared N. W. Shammas